Apache Webserver Setup Guide by Joey.
Created on November 29th, 1999.
Last updated on September 19th, 2003.
Apache, the most popular web server on the internet comes from the term "A PAtCHy server" since it was originally based off the NCSA httpd 1.3 code in early 1995. Apache can handle great server loads and run on sites that get over a million hits a day without any problems so as you see, it's stable, it's highly configurable and best of all, it's free.
The apache server comes in many different forms. There's RPM Packages, .deb Packages and of course, the source.
This installation guide will be based on version 1.3.x of the Apache Source for a few reasons. For one, I still haven't upgraded to Apache 2.x due to ongoing issues with PHP and other modules. 1.3.x is still widely used and still works like a charm. As well, I prefer using the source for the installation rather than binary packages (.rpm's, .deb's etc) so I can specify paths etc. It also gives you the ability to apply patches when needed and makes life easier if you have to recompile Apache to add support for PHP or mod_ssl etc.
The first thing you need to do is grab the Apache source from http://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/. At the time of updating this guide, the current version is 1.3.28. There are many files on their site but you only need the one called apache_1.3.28.tar.gz
Once you've download the file, move it to /usr/local/src (I like to
keep all my untarr'ed sources in /usr/local/src) and untar it by
running the following command:
tar -zxvf apache_1.3.28.tar.gz
That will create a directory called apache_1.3.28 in /usr/local/src.
Enter into that directory and run the following commands:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache
make
make install
This will install apache and all it's files into the /usr/local/apache directory. With the source installation there is only oneconfiguration file that needs to be edited, it is called httpd.conf and located in /usr/local/apache/conf. If you chose to install the DEB or RPM version, you will probably have to edit access.conf and srm.conf, so this guide will make no sense to you.
Go into your apache configuration file directory, /usr/local/apache/conf and open up the httpd.conf file with your favorite text editor (nano, pico, vi, joe, etc). The httpd.conf file is well documented but I'll include some of the important options you will want to change/configure.
-
The following will tell Apache what user and group to run the server
as. You definetly do not want to run the server as root. I suggest
either leaving it as www-data or changing it to nobody. I like
to create a user called apache and set the user/group to "apache".
User www-data Group www-data
- The ServerAdmin variable should be changed to the email address
of whoever is running the web server. This email address will be shown
on error pages etc.
ServerAdmin admin@example.com
-
ServerRoot is where all the Apache files and directories are. If
you're following this guide to the letter, set this as /usr/local/apache. On
some systems it will be /home/httpd or /var/www if you've installed the RPM etc.
ServerRoot /usr/local/apache
-
ErrorLog needs to be changed to wherever you set the log directory to.
If you choose the default, then set it to /usr/local/apache/logs/error.log
ErrorLog /usr/local/apache/logs/error.log
-
CustomLog is the same deal as ErrorLog. Set this to wherever you set the
log directory to. This file will contain every connection and request to
your Apache server. If you are running a very popular web server don't
forget to rotate the logs once in awhile :)
CustomLog /usr/local/apache/access.log combined
-
The PidFile variable should be changed to wherever you set the
"runtimedir:" to. If you're unsure of what to set this as the leave it alone.
PidFile /var/run/apache.pid
- The LockFile option is pretty similar to the one above. If
you're not sure what to set this to the leave it alone.
LockFile /var/run/apache.lock
-
ServerName is an important one. You simply cannot make up a name
here and hope Apache works because it won't. If you have a domain
name such as example.com then enter it here. If you do not have a
domain name but you have a Static IP (Your IP Address never changes)
then enter in your IP address or hostname (ex: 215-112-252.sympatico.ca)
If you have a Dynamic IP (Your IP changes every time you connect
to the Internet) but you've set up a DynIP
type of service, you can use that name here. (Such as yourname.dynip.com).
If you don't have any of the above and your IP changes every time you
connect, how do you expect people to find your server? :)
ServerName www.example.com
-
MinSpareServers is the number of servers/httpd processes to have
waiting in the background for clients to connect. The default settings
are alright for most sites/configurations.
MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 15
-
StartServers is the number of servers that Apache should spawn when
the server is started. 8 or 10 is the norm.
StartServers 8
-
ServerSignature will either enable or disable the server
signature. The server signature will be displayed on error pages etc
and will list your Apache server version and the server hostname. If you
are the real paranoid type then you can disable it (change On to Off)
ServerSignature On
-
DocumentRoot is where all your html pages will be stored. If you
are following this guide to a 'T' then you should set this to
/usr/local/apache/htdocs. Being the huge rebel that I am, I like to
change this to /usr/local/apache/html.
DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/htdocs
-
DirectoryIndex is what Apache will use as an index file
for any given directory. If none of these are found, visitors will get a
directory listing of the directory instead of an html page. (If Indexes
are enabled for the directory).
DirectoryIndex index.html index.shtml index.php index.cgi index.htm
-
AddHandler and AddType allow you to activate Server Side Includes
(SSI), PHP and CGI scripts for your Apache Server. If you plan on using
any of these you must add the following lines to your httpd.conf file.
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi AddType text/html .shtml AddHandler server-parsed .shtml AddType application/x-httpd-php .phtml .php
One of the great features with Apache is the ability to create virtual
hosts. This gives you the ability to host multiple web sites on
the same server with only one instance of Apache running. Below is an
example of a virtual host entry:
NameVirtualHost 216.187.106.215
<VirtualHost 216.187.106.215>
ServerName www.linuxhelp.ca
ServerAlias linuxhelp.ca www.linuxhelp.net linuxhelp.net
DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/html/linuxhelp
ErrorDocument 404 /404.php
ErrorLog /usr/local/apache/logs/linuxhelp-error.log
CustomLog /usr/local/apache/logs/access.log combined
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache/html/linuxhelp/cgi-bin/
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/html/linuxhelp">
Options FollowSymLinks Includes Indexes
AllowOverride None
</Directory>
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/html/linuxhelp/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride None
Options ExecCGI
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 216.187.106.215>
ServerName ldp.linuxhelp.ca
ServerAlias ldp.linuxhelp.net
DocumentRoot /usr/local/apache/html/ldp
ErrorLog /usr/local/apache/logs/ldp-error.log
CustomLog /usr/local/apache/logs/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
This should be all the basics you need to get Apache up and running.
Save and exit the httpd.conf (now is a good time to make a backup copy
of it too) and then start up your Apache server by running the following
as root:
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -f
/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
After running the command you should be returned to the command
prompt without any errors etc. If you want to make sure Apache is
running you can type the following:
ps aux | grep httpd
And you should see a couple of lines that look something like this:
www-data
10128 0.0 0.5 2224
1108 ? S 14:48 0:00
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
If you see something similar to the above then great, Apache is up and running on your machine. Now for the ultimate test, open up your favorite web browser and try to access your website by going to either http://www.example.com or http://yourhostmask.com http://yourIP or http://yourname.dynip.com. You will probably see the something like the page located here.
If for some reason apache failed to start up, it will probably tell you why. You should receive something like "something failed on line 204 of httpd.conf" etc. Simply open up the httpd.conf file again, go to that line and look for anything that doesn't seem right. You can also check your error.log file located at /usr/local/apache/logs/error.log to see if anything strange is going on. If you aren't sure what the error message means, try visiting http://www.google.com and searching for the error message. You'll be surprised at the results.
As I said in the beginning of this guide, Apache isn't really that hard to set up; their httpd.conf file is well commented and their documentation at http://httpd.apache.org/docs/
You might also want to visit our Guides Page and have a look at the various Guides that integrate other services (MySQL, PHP, .htaccess, Squid, SSL) with Apache.
Having trouble? Got questions? Require further assistance? If so please feel free to visit our Help Forums and ask the experts!